A Press Council is a media self-regulatory mechanism that aims to ensure that media outlets and journalists follow a set of universally accepted values (ethical standards).

The main responsibility of a Press Council is to mediate and settle disputes between media product consumers and media outlets and/or journalists amicably on short notice (during two to three months). In this way, the Council contributes to the quality of information received by the public, demonstrating that journalists are responsible and there is no need for state regulation of the media. Similarly, a Press Council defends and promotes freedom of the press, advocates for changes in media laws, conducts research, opinion polls, etc. on media issues, and promotes media accountability in various ways. In some countries, the Press Council operates on the basis of a code of conduct approved by media and journalist organizations, and its members are equal representatives of the public and journalists.

Where do Press Councils exist?

The first Press Council as an independent self-regulatory mechanism was established in Sweden in 1916. After World War II, press councils were also established in Finland, Germany, Ireland, Norway, The Netherlands, and other Western European countries. After the break-up of the Soviet Union and the former socialist camp, press councils emerged in Estonia, the Czech Republic, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Armenia, etc.

Press Councils in most countries have been successful in protecting the media from regulation by law and enhancing media credibility.

What is the purpose of a Press Council?

A Press Council aims to increase the credibility and trust of readers in the media and journalists; prevent interference by the state and public authorities in media activities; improve quality standards in the media market; and reduce the number of civil cases (defense of honour and dignity) against journalists.

How does a Press Council work?

A Press Council receives complaints from media consumers who consider that the material published violates journalistic standards. Upon hearing the parties, the Press Council tries to identify and mediate compromise solutions, acceptable to both the media outlet reported on and the media consumer, such as: withdrawal of the complaint, publication of errata, offering the right of reply, etc. If the parties do not reach a compromise, the Press Council examines the complaint and publishes a decision. A Press Council cannot impose financial penalties and the most common penalty is public opprobrium.

In some cases, a Press Council may take action ex officio if it considers that the rights of disadvantaged groups have been violated.